USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005

The USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 made the majority of the original 2001 PATRIOT Act provisions permanent while adding new safeguards and oversight requirements for federal investigations. It extended the government's authority to conduct "roving wiretaps" and access business records in terrorism cases, but required more specific factual justifications and allowed recipients of such requests to challenge them in court.

For everyday citizens, the law increased federal penalties for crimes involving seaports, mass transit systems, and the financing of terrorism. It also introduced the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act, which moved common cold medicines containing pseudoephedrine behind pharmacy counters and established purchase limits and ID requirements to curb the illegal production of methamphetamine. Additionally, the act created a new National Security Division within the Department of Justice to consolidate the government's counterterrorism and counterintelligence efforts.