Adopting the Rules of the House of Representatives for the One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, and for other purposes.

H.Res. 5 establishes the internal operating rules and procedures for the House of Representatives during the 118th Congress. It introduces several structural changes, such as requiring a three-fifths supermajority vote to raise federal income tax rates and mandating that every bill focus on a single subject to increase legislative clarity. The resolution also reinstates the "Holman Rule," which allows lawmakers to propose amendments to spending bills that specifically reduce the salary of or terminate certain federal employees and programs.

For the average citizen, these rules change how federal money is managed and how laws are passed. By requiring offsets for new mandatory spending and eliminating the automatic suspension of the debt ceiling, the House has implemented stricter hurdles for increasing government debt and spending. Additionally, the resolution creates new subcommittees to investigate specific issues, such as the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic and competition with China, which may influence future national policy and federal oversight.