Airport and Seaport Terrorism Prevention Act

Airport and Seaport Terrorism Prevention Act - Amends the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 to direct the Secretary of Transportation to provide grants for seaport security infrastructure improvements for the construction, acquisition, or deployment of surveillance equipment and technology at U.S. seaports. Directs the Secretary to establish a pilot program to track cargo within the United States, including the development and implementation of anti-tampering standards to ensure that cargo containers cannot be opened or tampered with during shipment. Establishes Domestic Port Security Units which shall consist of teams of personnel trained in antiterrorism activities that can be rapidly deployed to any port threatened with terrorist activity.

Amends Federal aviation law to direct the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to require airports to maximize the use of: (1) technology and equipment that is designed to detect potential chemical or biological weapons; and (2) nonintrusive and other inspection and detection technology for screening passengers, baggage, or cargo.

Establishes within each of the largest 100 airports an airport security committee which shall be responsible for: (1) conducting and reviewing airport vulnerability assessments; (2) disseminating information that will facilitate law enforcement activities; and (3) conducting an exercise periodically to verify the effectiveness of airport security plans.

Sets forth requirements calling for implementation of certain measures to improve air passenger safety and airport security, including: (1) use of technology to detect chemical, biological, or other hazardous substances and biometric technologies that identify individuals based on unique characteristics; and (2) airport personnel background checks and training.