Budget Reform Act of 2025

S. 2090 would make significant changes to how the federal government creates and manages its budget. The bill would require the Congressional Budget Office to publish its fiscal models and methodology for public review, mandate that federal agencies justify their spending from scratch each budget period rather than automatically continuing prior-year funding levels (with Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid exempted), and shift Congress from annual to two-year budget cycles. The bill would also establish stricter deadlines for budget submission and passage, with penalties for non-compliance such as restrictions on presidential travel if the budget is submitted late. These changes would take effect beginning with the fiscal year 2028 budget cycle. The bill has been referred to the Senate Committee on the Budget and has not yet been voted on by the full chamber.