Liquid Cooling for AI Act of 2025

S. 3269 would direct the Government Accountability Office to conduct a technology assessment of liquid cooling systems used in AI data centers and high-performance computing facilities. The bill responds to concerns that data center electricity consumption is growing rapidly, with projections suggesting data centers could account for 6.7 to 12.8 percent of total U.S. electricity consumption by 2028, up from 4.4 percent in 2023. The bill would require the Department of Energy to evaluate the assessment findings and submit recommendations to Congress within 180 days.

If enacted, the bill would also establish an advisory committee of industry experts to work with federal agencies on developing best practices for liquid cooling in AI facilities. Proponents argue that liquid cooling technology can more efficiently remove heat from advanced AI chips than traditional air cooling systems, potentially reducing energy consumption and strain on electrical grids. The bill has bipartisan support and currently remains in committee consideration.