NORRA of 2025

The No Rogue Rulings Act of 2025 (NORRA) would restrict how federal district courts issue injunctions, which are court orders requiring or prohibiting specific actions. Currently, judges can issue injunctions that affect people and organizations not directly involved in a case. Under this bill, district courts would generally be prohibited from issuing such broad injunctions. Instead, courts could only issue injunctions that apply to the parties actually involved in the lawsuit and those represented by those parties, such as in class action lawsuits.

The bill creates one significant exception for multi-state lawsuits. When two or more states from different federal court regions challenge an action by the executive branch, a randomly selected three-judge panel could issue broader injunctions that would otherwise be prohibited. This panel would need to consider the interests of justice, potential harm to people outside the case, and the constitutional separation of powers when deciding whether to grant such relief.

The bill would not prevent district courts from using other legal remedies that can affect people outside a case, such as vacating or setting aside agency regulations. The Congressional Budget Office noted it cannot predict the full budgetary effects of the bill, as judges might rely more on these alternative remedies instead of injunctions.